• Extracellular adenosine acts as a

  2024-10-28

  

  Extracellular adenosine acts as a local modulator of cell function via four adenosine receptor subtypes (A1Rs A2AR, A2BR, and A3R) that are involved in numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes [31]. Each is encoded by a separate gene and has different functions, although with some ove

• Since the introduction of zebrafish into the

  2024-10-28

  

  Since the introduction of zebrafish into the laboratory, many milestones have been achieved that firmly establish this organism as a prominent genetic model for biology and medicine. Many features make this species an organism of easy maintenance in laboratory which provides advantages to understand

• Cofilin is an additional actin severing protein present in s

  2024-10-28

  

  Cofilin is an additional plk inhibitor severing protein present in sperm cells that undergo phosphorylation/inactivation on serine 3 by Lim kinases (LIMK) and by Tes kinases (TESK) [48]. LIMK can be activated by several pathways, including one through the Rho/ROCK/LIMK cascade [49], [50], [51]. Anot

• br Acknowledgments We thank the anonymous reviewers for thei

  2024-10-28

  

  Acknowledgments We thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on the manuscript, and also thank Dr. Hans-U. Dahms for his comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by a grant from the National Research Foundation (2009-0071218) funded to Young-Mi Lee. This work was a

• Altogether the situations described above clearly impede the

  2024-10-28

  

  Altogether, the situations described above clearly impede the critical steps of drug discovery and development and the scientific process in general [14]. In conclusion, it is the opinion of these authors that many exciting lines of drug discovery (which includes those devoted to nAChR ligands) have

• br Conclusions A large body of evidence

  2024-10-28

  

  Conclusions A large body of evidence indicates that oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of NDDs. Hence, reducing oxidative stress or suppressing its downstream pathways may be beneficial for the treatment of these diseases, especially such chronic diseases as AD or glaucoma. Here we

• However from our meta analysis emerge some strategic conside

  2024-10-26

  

  However, from our meta-analysis emerge some strategic considerations for the continued use of antiangiogenic drugs for glioblastoma patients: Conflict of interest Funding Introduction Angiogenesis is a physiological process involving the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing blo

• We next developed a system for staging severity Our guiding

  2024-10-26

  

  We next developed a system for staging severity. Our guiding principles were the following. Two types of information about the research participant are staged independently from each other: (1) grading disease severity using biomarkers and (2) grading the severity of cognitive impairment. Measures u

• Tephrosia purpurea Linn pers Fabaceae a widely growing

  2024-10-26

  

  Tephrosia purpurea (Linn.) pers, (Fabaceae), a widely growing herbaceous perennial is reported to exhibit significant anti-hyperglycemic activity in animal models [7], [8], [9] as well as able to delay the development of diabetic complications [10], [11]. Recently, we have reported T. purpurea for i

• In silico docking analysis performed in

  2024-10-26

  

  In silico docking analysis performed in the current study indicated that TCDD strongly binds to AhR-LBD. Moreover, the formation of the TCDD/AhR-LBD complex was confirmed experimentally with the use of EMSA. We found that 10nM TCDD after 2 hours of incubation not only bound to the AhR in the porcine

• br Adiponectin receptors in colorectal cancer development

  2024-10-26

  

  Adiponectin receptors in colorectal cancer development APN receptors expressed in CRC tissue may mediate its effects on cell expansion and cell death (Byeon et al., 2010). It was observed that the expression of AdipoR1 and 2 is higher in CRC tissue than in counterpart healthy tissues (Williams et

• br Acknowledgment br Introduction Vascular

  2024-10-26

  

  Acknowledgment Introduction Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) exhibit the capacity to switch between a differentiated (contractile) and a dedifferentiated (synthetic) phenotype [1]. Synthetic VSMC express a lower amount of contractile proteins such as Smooth muscle 22α (sm22α) and α-Smooth m

• Although ASD is considered one of the most heritable neurode

  2024-10-26

  

  Although ASD is considered one of the most heritable neurodevelopmental disorders (El-Fishawy & State, 2010; Geschwind, 2011) and majority of the research on ASD has focused on the genetics of the disorders (Autism Genome Project, C, 2007; Buxbaum & Hof, 2011), single causative gene anomalies accoun

• Introduction Mammalian cells express the seven

  2024-10-26

  

  Introduction Mammalian N-acetyl D-galactosamine express the seven STAT family members STAT1, −2, −3, −4, −5A, −5B, and −6 [1], [2]. All STATs exert physiologically important roles as homo- and heterodimers [2], [3], [4]. Cytokines and growth factors activate STATs through the activation of kinases

• The gene SRD A encodes the reductase

  2024-10-26

  

  The gene SRD5A2 encodes the 5-α-reductase enzyme, which converts testosterone into dihydrotestosterone. Although dihydrotestosterone levels are considerably lower than testosterone, dihydrotestosterone has a five-fold stronger binding capacity to the androgen receptor and, thereby, a considerably mo

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