• It is well known that neurosteroids such as testosterone and

  2025-02-10

  

  It is well-known that neurosteroids such as testosterone and their metabolites endogenously modulate neural excitability in animals and humans. Testosterone has protective effects against seizures induced by KA and PTZ (Frye et al., 2001b; Reddy, 2004b). Estrogens, on the other hand, have proconvuls

• The accumulation of oxidized low density lipoprotein oxLDL

  2025-02-10

  

  The accumulation of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is one of the many causes of the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis (Virmani et al., 2002; Pirillo et al., 2013; Sun et al., 2016; Huang et al., 2016; Tabas, 2010). oxLDL-induced apoptosis of macrophages contributes to the forma

• Introduction Heterotrimeric G proteins mediate signal transd

  2025-02-08

  

  Introduction Heterotrimeric Gαβγ proteins mediate signal transduction through seven-transmembrane domain receptors. In response to neurotransmitters or hormones, activated receptors bind GTP via the Gα subunit leading to the dissociation of Gα from the Gβγ dimer. G proteins regulate the levels of s

• Plant defensins are cysteine rich

  2025-02-08

  

  Plant defensins are cysteine-rich cationic peptides of 5–8 kDa whose mature domain comprises 45 to 54 amino l-arginine residues, with an isoelectric point around 9. The global fold of plant defensins consists of a cysteine-stabilized motif (CSα/β) made up of an α-helix and a triple-stranded β-sheet

• Recent retrospective cohort studies have

  2025-02-08

  

  Recent retrospective cohort studies have supported these preclinical findings in animals indicating the correlation of AR activation with the induction of ATP buffer for experiments carcinogenesis. First, men with prostate cancer who underwent androgen deprivation therapy were shown to have a signi

• br Experimental methods br Acknowledgments br Introduction L

  2025-02-08

  

  Experimental methods Acknowledgments Introduction Long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) at excitatory synapses are thought to underlie experience-dependent learning and memory. These synaptic plasticity mechanisms are best characterized at hippocampal CA1 synapses, whe

• The expanding catalog of glutamate receptor auxiliary subuni

  2025-02-08

  

  The expanding catalog of glutamate receptor auxiliary subunits and associated transmembrane proteins underscores the importance and complexity of the receptor complexes. Whereas the interactions described here specifically control AMPARs, distinct auxiliary subunits, Neto-1/2, modulate neuronal kain

• Notably we have characterized the mechanism

  2025-02-08

  

  Notably, we have characterized the mechanism of action of ALK in the context of our current understanding of NLRP3 activation [5]. Non-priming macrophages, including BMDMs, exhibit no or minimal activation of NLRP3 in response to ATP. In contrast, LPS priming of macrophages makes them highly suscept

• Interestingly intermittent high doses of AKT

  2025-02-08

  

  Interestingly, intermittent high doses of AKT inhibitors have been shown to be a more effective strategy both clinically and pre-clinically. High doses appear to be required for induction of apoptosis and intermittent schedules overcome the low therapeutic index of these compounds. This is particula

• br Results br Discussion Tapinarof GSK

  2025-02-08

  

  Results Discussion Tapinarof (GSK2894512) is a naturally derived investigational topical medicine with demonstrated clinical efficacy for patients with AD and psoriasis (Bissonnette et al., 2010, Bissonnette et al., 2012a). The drug substance is a polyphenol produced by bacteria that is struct

• Astrantiagenin C br AhR Modulators It is now well recognized

  2025-02-08

  

  AhR Modulators It is now well recognized that ligand-activated AhR induces an immune tolerance response by acting directly on the antigen-presenting DCs and indirectly by increasing the population of immunosuppressive Tregs 24, 95, 96. In addition to inhibiting the formation or depleting the AhR

• The second evidence comes from the results obtained by

  2025-02-08

  

  The second evidence comes from the results obtained by patch-clamp recordings carried out at the endplate region of isolated mouse FDB fibers, where adenosine and the P1R agonist NECA significantly affected the NPo, the open frequency and the time constant τ of the adult nAChR channels. It is genera

• A combination of factors might however account for the

  2025-02-08

  

  A combination of factors might, however, account for the low rate of success of drug development for neuropsychiatric disorders. First, in most neuropsychiatric disorders, the symptomatology is heterogeneous and the neurobiology remains poorly understood, making therapeutic targets difficult to iden

• LPA binds to six specific

  2025-02-07

  

  LPA binds to six specific cell surface GPCR receptors. The receptors LPA1 (lysophosphatidic receptor 1, formerly, Edg2), LPA2 (Edg4) and LPA3 (Edg7) belong to the endothelial differentiation gene family (EDG) and share sequence homology (50–60% amino GS967 homology) An et al., 1997, An et al., 1998,

• Based on these findings the time point for manipulating

  2025-02-07

  

  Based on these findings, the time point for manipulating autophagy may also determine its role, whereby autophagy induction performed before ischemia could play a protective role but have an opposite effect once ischemia/reperfusion has occurred. This hypothesis is further supported by the protectiv

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